Qizilqum mintaqasi yer osti suvlarida radiy va radon solishtirma faolligining qiyosiy tahlili

Annotatsiya

Objective — comparative analysis of the specific activity of radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) and radon-222 (²²²Rn) in groundwater of the Kyzylkum region (Uzbekistan), a uranium-bearing territory, to assess compliance with regulatory requirements and radiation safety. Methodology. Sampling was conducted in April 2025 from 10 water supply wells used by the population for drinking purposes. Samples were collected in airtight 1 L glass containers with minimal aeration and transported to the laboratory within 4–6 hours. Measurements of ²²²Rn were performed using an "Alfarad Plus" radiometer (uncertainty ±15 %), and ²²⁶Ra using a "Kamera-01" measuring complex (uncertainty ±12 %). Each sample was measured in triplicate; results are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel with Pearson correlation coefficient calculation between ²²²Rn and ²²⁶Ra activities. Results. In 9 out of 10 samples, ²²²Rn specific activity exceeded the intervention level (60 Bq/L) by a factor of 3.0–13.3, reaching 800 Bq/L. ²²⁶Ra activity exceeded the regulatory limit (0.2 Bq/L) by 1.5–2.9 times, with a maximum of 0.58 Bq/L. The contribution of ²²²Rn to the annual effective dose ranges from 98.3 to 99.8 %. A strong positive correlation between ²²²Rn and ²²⁶Ra activities was found (r = 0.89, p < 0.01), indicating a common geochemical source. Conclusions. Water from 9 out of 10 investigated wells does not meet radiation safety standards and is not recommended for drinking purposes without pre-treatment (aeration, filtration). The results justify the need for seasonal monitoring (4 times per year) and further hydrogeological studies to identify factors controlling radionuclide migration.

Maqoladagi inglizcha annotatsiya. Mualliflar annotatsiyasi CC BY 4.0 litsenziyasi asosida keltirilgan. Annotatsiya ingliz tilida berilgan.

Kalit so‘zlar

• uranning yemirilish zanjirlari
• yer osti suvlari
• solishtirma faollik
• radiy-226
• radon-222
• Qizilqum mintaqasi
• aralashuv darajasi
• radiatsiya xavfsizligi

Sodda qilib aytganda

Mualliflar 2025-yil aprelida Qizilqum uranli mintaqasida aholi ichimlik suvi uchun foydalanadigan o‘nta suv olish qudug‘idan namuna olgan: Navoiy, Zarafshon va Uchquduqdagi, Zafarobod, Ketmenchi, Nurobod, Nurbuloq va Musakok shaharchalaridagi quduqlar, tuman kasalxonasi qudug‘i va 9-son quduq. Har bir quduqdan 1 litrdan uchta namuna imkon qadar kam aeratsiya bilan germetik shisha idishlarga olingan, laboratoriyaga 4–6 °C haroratda 4–6 soat ichida yetkazilgan, o‘lchash esa namuna olingandan keyin 8 soat ichida boshlangan. Radon-222 filtrga degazatsiya qilingandan so‘ng «Alfarad Plus» radiometrida (NTTs «Amplituda», Rossiya; 10–10⁵ Bk/l, ±15%), radiy-226 esa emanatsiya usulida «Kamera-01» kompleksida (NTTs «Amplituda»; 0,01–10 Bk/l, ±12%) o‘lchangan. Har bir namuna uch marta o‘lchangan.

Radon Navoiy qudug‘ida 25 ± 4 Bk/l dan Nurobodda 800 ± 120 Bk/l gacha bo‘lgan va o‘nta quduqdan to‘qqiztasida 60 Bk/l aralashuv darajasidan oshgan (1-jadval, 1-rasm). Nuroboddan keyin eng yuqori qiymatlar 9-son quduqda (720 ± 108 Bk/l), tuman kasalxonasida (670 ± 101 Bk/l), Nurbuloqda (650 ± 98 Bk/l) va Musakokda (520 ± 78 Bk/l) qayd etilgan; Zafarobodda 240 ± 36 Bk/l, Zarafshonda 220 ± 33 Bk/l, Uchquduqda 160 ± 24 Bk/l va Ketmenchida 120 ± 18 Bk/l bo‘lgan. Radiy-226 Navoiyda 0,18 ± 0,02 Bk/l, qolgan quduqlarda 0,30–0,58 Bk/l bo‘lib, 0,2 Bk/l me’yoridan 1,5–2,9 baravar yuqori (2-rasm). Ikkala me’yorga faqat Navoiy qudug‘i javob bergan. Ikki radionukliddan yillik samarali dozaning 98,3–99,8% ini radon beradi.

Radon va radiy o‘rtasida kuchli bog‘liqlik bor (r = 0,89, p < 0,01); mualliflar buni umumiy manba — radionuklidlar yuvilib chiqadigan uranli tog‘ jinslari bilan izohlaydi. Ularning fikricha, qiymatlar Qozog‘iston (650 Bk/l gacha) va Ural (700 Bk/l gacha) uranli hududlari uchun keltirilgan qiymatlarga yaqin, bu yerdagi yuqoriroq maksimum esa uran rudasi namoyon bo‘lgan joylarning suvli qatlamlarga yaqinligi va tog‘ jinslarining kuchli darzliligi bilan bog‘liq. Mualliflar suvni ichishdan oldin radonni chiqarish uchun jadal aeratsiya va radiy uchun sorbsion filtrlarni, natijalar bahorda bir marta olingan namunalarga asoslangani uchun yiliga to‘rt marta namuna olishni hamda «suv–tog‘ jinsi» tizimida radionuklidlarning izotop tarkibi va migratsiyasini o‘rganishni tavsiya qiladi. Radon avvalroq Nurobod va Uchquduq ruda maydonlaridagi chuqur quduqlarda, radionuklidlar esa Zarafshon, Amudaryo va sug‘orish kanallarida hamda sobiq Yangiobod uran konining shaxta suvlarida o‘lchangan.

Rasmlar (2)

Iqtibos namunasi

B. Togaev, M. A. Kuvvatova, G. M. Allaberganova and A. M. Muzafarov (2026). Comparative analysis of the specific activity of radium and radon in groundwater of the Kyzyl Kum region. Universum: tekhnicheskie nauki (Universum: Technical Sciences), 2026, No. 7 (148), pp. 48–55. https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/23174