Jurnal maqolasiOchiq kirish
Shaharning qozonxona sxemasiga issiqlik nasoslarini optimal ulash imkoniyatlarini tahlil qilish
Analysis of the possibilities of optimal connection of heat pumps to the city’s boiler house scheme
- Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23446898
Asosiy jihatlar
- 3-son Issiqlik markazi: ikkita PTVM-50 (50 Gkal/soat) va uchta PTVM-100 (100 Gkal/soat) qozon; har bir gorelka soatiga 600 kg mazut yoqadi, ikkita qozonda to‘rttadan gorelka.
- Qo‘shimcha suv varianti: suv 10–15 °C dan 35–40 °C gacha isitiladi; energiya o‘zgartirish koeffitsienti 4–5, manba — qaytar suv yoki grunt.
- Tutun gazlari varianti (absorbsion issiqlik nasosi): gazlar 120–150 °C dan 30–40 °C gacha sovutiladi, qaytar suv 45–55 °C dan 70–80 °C gacha isitiladi; transformatsiya koeffitsienti 1,2–2.
- Qaytar quvur varianti: qaytar suv 45–70 °C; energiya o‘zgartirish koeffitsienti taxminan 2,8–3,5, manba — havo yoki grunt.
- Grunt harorati +8…+10 °C deb olingan.
- Mualliflar bahosi: samaradorlik 7–10% ga oshadi, o‘zini oqlash muddati 4–6 yil.
Annotatsiya
Relevance: improving energy security, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and mitigating adverse environmental impacts require the implementation of energy-efficient technologies in district heating systems. For heat sources in Tashkent, reducing dependence on natural gas and heavy fuel oil used as a reserve fuel is an important task. The use of heavy fuel oil is associated with high operating costs and emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating heat pumps into the technological scheme of the existing Heat Center No. 3 (HC-3) operated by “Toshkent Issiqlik Markazi” LLC and to determine the optimal connection options for reducing reserve heavy fuel oil consumption and improving the reliability of heat supply. Methods: the study employed analytical and comparative methods, evaluation of the heat pump coefficient of performance (COP), and assessment of the environmental effect. Results: three heat pump connection options were considered: heating makeup water, recovering heat from exhaust flue gases, and connecting the heat pump to the return pipeline of the district heating network. The analysis confirms the technical feasibility and economic viability of applying heat pumps in Tashkent’s district heating system. The integration of heat pumps makes it possible to eliminate heavy fuel oil combustion in the reserve operating mode, reduce operating costs, increase the efficiency of the heat source by 7–10%, and achieve an estimated payback period of 4–6 years. An additional environmental benefit is the elimination of soot and sulfur oxide emissions associated with operation on reserve fuel.
Maqoladagi inglizcha annotatsiya. Mualliflar annotatsiyasi CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 litsenziyasi asosida keltirilgan. Annotatsiya ingliz tilida berilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar
- issiqlik nasosi
- markazlashtirilgan issiqlik ta’minoti
- qozonxona
- grunt issiqlik nasosi
- energiya o‘zgartirish koeffitsienti
- mazut
- Toshkent
Sodda qilib aytganda
Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti mualliflari «Toshkent Issiqlik Markazi» MChJning Toshkentdagi Shayxontohur va Olmazor tumanlarini issiqlik bilan ta’minlaydigan 3-son Issiqlik markazi (IM-3) sxemasiga issiqlik nasoslarini qanday ulash mumkinligini o‘rgangan. Qozonxona tabiiy gazda ishlaydi, zaxira yoqilg‘isi — mazut. Unda 50 Gkal/soat quvvatli ikkita PTVM-50 va 100 Gkal/soat quvvatli uchta PTVM-100 suv isitish qozoni bor; ikkita qozonning har birida to‘rttadan mazut gorelkasi o‘rnatilgan, har bir gorelka soatiga 600 kg mazut yoqadi.
Mualliflar uch xil ulanishni solishtiradi. Birinchisida bug‘ kompressorli issiqlik nasosi tarmoqning qaytar suvidan yoki gruntdan past potensialli issiqlik olib, kimyoviy tozalangan qo‘shimcha suvni 10–15 °C dan 35–40 °C gacha isitadi; bu variantda energiya o‘zgartirish koeffitsienti eng yuqori — 4–5. Ikkinchisida litiy bromidli absorbsion issiqlik nasoslari qozonlarning tutun gazlarini 120–150 °C dan 30–40 °C gacha sovutib, qaytar suvni 45–55 °C dan 70–80 °C gacha isitadi, transformatsiya koeffitsienti 1,2–2. Uchinchisida issiqlik nasoslari issiqlik tarmog‘ining qaytar quvuriga tarmoq nasoslari va qozonlardan oldin ulanadi; qaytar suv 45–70 °C bo‘lganda energiya o‘zgartirish koeffitsienti taxminan 2,8–3,5. Bu variant sxemasida ikkita issiqlik nasosi bor: biri «havo-suv», ikkinchisi «havo/suv-suv».
Mualliflar «grunt-suv» issiqlik nasosini eng samarali va barqaror deb hisoblaydi, chunki grunt harorati doim +8…+10 °C bo‘ladi, havo esa noldan past haroratda issiqlik nasosini samarasiz qiladi. Ularning bahosiga ko‘ra, issiqlik nasoslari IM-3 ga mazut yoqishni to‘xtatish, issiqlik manbaining samaradorligini 7–10% ga oshirish, ekspluatatsiya xarajatlarini 50% dan ko‘proq kamaytirish va 4–6 yilda o‘zini oqlash imkonini beradi; O‘zbekistonda issiqlik nasosidan olinadigan issiqlik mazutdagidan kamida 2–2,5 baravar arzon bo‘ladi. Buning uchun qozonxonaning elektr ta’minotini yangilash kerak.
Iqtibos namunasi
A. R. Ivanisova and M. A. Koroli (2026). Analysis of the possibilities of optimal connection of heat pumps to the city’s boiler house scheme. Energiya va resurs tejash muammolari (Problems of Energy and Sources Saving), No. 3, 2026, pp. 253–261. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23446898