Isitish tizimining issiqlik nasosi parametrlarini eksergetik optimallashtirish

Annotatsiya

Relevance: due to the fact that our country does not have its own production of heat pumps that meet modern world requirements, the Uzbek market offers products from foreign companies that produce similar equipment. At the same time, today the production of heat pumps in the world is subordinated, first of all, to the specific interests of the manufacturing countries (this refers not only to climatic features, but also to the level of applied construction technologies, architectural, planning and engineering solutions, the level of technology in the production of heat pump equipment, market needs and other factors). Therefore, the use of imported equipment and blind copying of foreign projects for the conditions of Uzbekistan can not only lead to suboptimal solutions. The feasibility of using heat pumps and the optimal modes of their operation for each specific facility can be determined only on the basis of completed thermodynamic and technical and economic calculations. Aim: to show the possibility of using the thermoeconomic method to optimize the operating modes of a steam compression heat pump unit operating in an autonomous heating system of a municipal facility. Methods: exergy analysis methods were used during development. When optimizing the parameters of heat pumps, the system of compiled equations was differentiated. Results: confirmed by calculation using the optimization model proposed on the basis of the exergy analysis method for the parameters of heat pumps when heating the premises of a building. An important advantage of the method is the accuracy of the thermodynamic calculation. Real calculations show that it is possible to take into account exergy losses during heat transfer through the elements of the system.

Maqoladagi inglizcha annotatsiya. Mualliflar annotatsiyasi CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 litsenziyasi asosida keltirilgan. Annotatsiya ingliz tilida berilgan.

Kalit so‘zlar

• issiqlik nasosi
• eksergetik tahlil
• termoiqtisodiy optimallashtirish
• suv manbali issiqlik nasosi
• issiqlik almashtirgichlar
• Toshkent viloyati

Sodda qilib aytganda

Energetika muammolari instituti va Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti mualliflari kommunal bino uchun bug‘ kompressorli issiqlik nasosli avtonom isitish tizimining eksergoiqtisodiy (termoiqtisodiy) modelini tuzgan. Tizim elektr yuritmali kompressor, kondensator, kengaytirish ventili, bug‘latkich, past potensialli va oraliq issiqlik tashuvchilar nasoslari hamda ventilyatorli konvektiv havo isitgichidan iborat. Model tizimni uch zonaga ajratadi; maqsad funksiyasi sifatida eksergiya keltirilgan xarajatlarining o‘zgaruvchan qismi olingan: kompressor, nasoslar va ventilyator uchun elektr energiyasi hamda har bir qism uchun amortizatsiya va ta’mirlash ajratmalari.

Bu xarajatlarning oltita o‘zgaruvchi bo‘yicha hosilalarini nolga tenglashtirish eng kam xarajat shartlarini beradi. O‘zgaruvchilar — havo, oraliq va past potensialli issiqlik tashuvchilar haroratining o‘zgarishi hamda isitish asbobi, kondensator va bug‘latkichdagi logarifmik harorat farqlari. Misol tariqasida 4 kVt issiqlik beradigan issiqlik nasosi hisoblangan: tashqi havo −7 °C, xona 18 °C, past potensialli manba suvi 10 °C, xladagent R134, 5 °C qo‘shimcha sovutish va 5 °C qizdirish, elektr energiyasi kVt·soati 0,9 ming so‘m, Toshkent viloyatida isitish mavsumi 1 560,5 soat.

Har bir xarajat egri chizig‘ida aniq minimum bor. Mualliflar shu sharoitlar uchun atrof-muhit issiqligidan foydalanadigan issiqlik nasosiga bug‘latkichda 4,5 °C, kondensatorda 5 °C va isitish asbobida 5,5 °C harorat farqini tavsiya qiladi. Ularning xulosasiga ko‘ra, model shu sxemadagi har qanday bug‘ kompressorli issiqlik nasosining loyiha shartlari va ish rejimlarini analitik usulda aniqlash imkonini beradi.

Iqtibos namunasi

A. I. Anarbayev and M. A. Koroli (2024). Exergy optimization of parameters of a heat pump heating system. Energiya va resurs tejash muammolari (Problems of Energy and Sources Saving), No. 3, 2024, pp. 94–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14032812