Jurnal maqolasiOchiq kirish
Dushanbe artezian havzasi: grunt issiqlik nasoslarini joriy etish imkoniyatlari
Dushanbe Artesian Basin: Opportunities for Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) Deployment
https://doi.org/10.5188/ijsmer.689
Asosiy jihatlar
- Tajriba-sinov qurilmasi: chuqurligi 105 m, diametri 216 mm bo‘lgan, bir-biridan 5 m uzoqlikdagi ikkita vertikal quduq; faol uzunligi 102 m bo‘lgan qo‘sh U-simon quvur.
- Issiqlik javobi testi: 3,87 kVt isitgich bilan 19,9 l/min sarfda 48 soat isitish, so‘ng 48 soat tiklanish; quduqqa uzatilgan issiqlik 6,25 kVt dan 3,74 kVt gacha kamaydi.
- Gruntning samarali issiqlik o‘tkazuvchanligi taxminan 1,9 W/(m·K) (95% ishonch oralig‘i 1,71–2,04); to‘yinmagan zona (0–50 m) 1,4–1,7, to‘yingan zona (50–105 m) 2,0–2,4 W/(m·K).
- Buzilmagan grunt harorati taxminan 16,5 °C; yer osti suvi sathi taxminan 50 m da.
- 95 ta yer osti suvi namunasi (2022–2024): pH 7,1–7,6, Eh taxminan 400–500 mV, gidrokarbonat 3,5–8,0 mmol/l; EC 1 500 mkSm/sm dan, gidrokarbonat 6 mmol/l dan oshgan joylarda tuz cho‘kishi xavfi.
- Kvars qo‘shilgan qorishma (CEM I 42.5R, 40 mass.% kvars): issiqlik o‘tkazuvchanligi 2,1 W/(m·K); quduqning termik qarshiligi 0,177 dan 0,090 m·K/W gacha kamaygan (o‘lchangani 0,105 m·K/W).
- Qorishma hisobiga issiqlik uzatishning ortishi: bir oydan keyin 26%, bir yildan keyin taxminan 20%, o‘n yildan keyin 16%.
- 30 yildan keyin quduq devorining sovishi: yuklama muvozanatda −0,01 °C; isitish 30% ko‘p bo‘lganda −3,44 °C (bitta quduq) va −4,63 °C (5 m oraliqdagi ikki quduq); muvozanatsizlikning 80% i quyosh yordamida qoplanganda −0,93 °C.
Annotatsiya
This study evaluates the shallow-geothermal potential of the Dushanbe Artesian Basin (DAB) for ground source heat pump (GSHP) deployment. One of the two 105 m vertical boreholes of a pilot installation was instrumented with a double U-tube and optical-fibre distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and tested by a single thermal response test (TRT); 95 groundwater samples (2022–2024) provided basin-wide hydrochemical characterisation. Analytical inversion of the TRT data, with Monte Carlo uncertainty quantification (1000 realisations, percentile confidence intervals), yielded an average effective ground thermal conductivity λ̄ ≈ 1.9 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ (95 % CI 1.71–2.04) and a depth-dependent contrast between the unsaturated (1.4–1.7 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) and saturated (2.0–2.4 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) zones, with a stable undisturbed temperature near 16.5 °C. Hydrochemical analysis identifies scaling and corrosion risks for open-loop and semi-open-loop configurations but confirms that closed-loop circuits are unaffected. First-order multipole calculations for the as-built double U-tube show that an optimised quartz-enhanced grout (CEM I 42.5R + 40 wt% quartz, λg = 2.1 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) reduces the borehole thermal resistance Rb from 0.177 to 0.090 m·K·W⁻¹. At a fixed fluid-to-ground temperature difference this raises the specific heat-transfer rate by ≈ 20 % after one year of continuous operation (26 % at one month, 16 % at ten years), in either heat-extraction or heat-injection mode. The work provides a reproducible interpretation framework and engineering recommendations for GSHP deployment in arid, lithologically heterogeneous basins.
Maqoladagi inglizcha annotatsiya. Mualliflar annotatsiyasi CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 litsenziyasi asosida keltirilgan. Annotatsiya ingliz tilida berilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar
- grunt issiqlik nasosi
- issiqlik javobi testi
- sayoz geotermal energiya
- gidrokimyo
- Dushanbe havzasi
- quduqning termik qarshiligi
Sodda qilib aytganda
Mualliflar Hisor vodiysidagi Dushanbe artezian havzasining grunt issiqlik nasoslari uchun sayoz geotermal salohiyatini baholaydi. Ularning Dushanbedagi markazidagi tajriba-sinov qurilmasida chuqurligi 105 m bo‘lgan, bir-biridan 5 m uzoqlikdagi ikkita vertikal quduq bor, har birida plastik (HDPE) quvurdan qo‘sh U-simon issiqlik almashtirgich o‘rnatilgan. Vodiyning to‘rtlamchi davr allyuvial–proluvial yotqiziqlari — gil, qumli shag‘al va qumtoshlar orqali burg‘ulangan bitta quduqqa optik tolali harorat kabeli o‘rnatilib, 48 soatlik issiqlik javobi testi va 48 soatlik tiklanish davri o‘tkazildi. Mualliflar 2022–2024-yillarda havza bo‘ylab olingan 95 ta yer osti suvi namunasini ham tahlil qildi.
Grunt issiqlikni o‘rtacha taxminan 1,9 W/(m·K) o‘tkazadi. Yuqoridagi quruq 50 m qatlam taxminan 50 m chuqurlikdagi yer osti suvi sathidan pastdagi suvga to‘yingan yotqiziqlarga qaraganda issiqlikni yomonroq o‘tkazadi. Buzilmagan grunt harorati taxminan 16,5 °C da barqaror. Yer osti suvi neytral, oksidlovchi, qattiq va gidrokarbonatga boy. Shuning uchun yer osti suvini issiqlik almashtirgich orqali haydaydigan ochiq va yarim ochiq tizimlarda tuz cho‘kishi va korroziya xavfi bor. Suyuqlik germetik quvurlarda aylanadigan yopiq konturlarga bu bevosita ta’sir qilmaydi.
Oddiy sement qorishmasi o‘rniga tarkibida 40% kvars bo‘lgan sement ishlatilsa, qorishmaning issiqlik o‘tkazuvchanligi 0,8 dan 2,1 W/(m·K) gacha oshadi, quduqning termik qarshiligi esa ikki baravar kamayadi. Harorat farqi bir xil bo‘lganda quduq bir yillik ishdan keyin taxminan 20% ko‘proq issiqlik uzatadi. Tajriba qudug‘i aynan shu qorishma bilan jihozlangan.
O‘ttiz yillik modellar qishda olinadigan issiqlik yozgi sovutish bilan muvozanatlansa, grunt uzoq muddatda sovimasligini ko‘rsatadi. Isitish sovutishdan 30% ko‘p bo‘lsa, quduq devori mualliflar qabul qilgan 3 °C chegaradan ko‘proq soviydi, ayniqsa ikki quduq bir-biridan 5 m masofada bo‘lganda. Muvozanatsizlikning 80% ini quyosh energiyasi yordamida qoplash o‘zgarishni 1 °C dan past ushlab turadi. Mualliflar xulosasiga ko‘ra, havzaning markaziy qismida yopiq konturli issiqlik nasoslari texnik jihatdan maqbul, butun havza uchun ko‘rsatkichlarni olish uchun esa ko‘proq joylarda sinovlar kerak.
Rasmlar (2)
Iqtibos namunasi
Jamshed Sh. Rahmatov, Mamadsho Ilolov, Fumiaki Inagaki and Sabur Rasulov (2026). Dushanbe Artesian Basin: Opportunities for Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) Deployment. International Journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources, advance online publication, article 689. https://doi.org/10.5188/ijsmer.689