Sharqiy Ili botig‘idagi Jarkunak zonasining bo‘r davri geotermal suvlari gidrogeokimyoviy tavsifi

Annotatsiya

This study characterizes the hydrochemistry and geochemical signature of the Upper Cretaceous geothermal aquifer in the Zharkunak zone (Eastern Ili Depression, SE Kazakhstan) using certified analytical datasets from five deep wells (5539, 1-RT, 3-T, 1-TP, and 2-TP). The waters are hyperthermal (89–103 °C), alkaline (pH 8.1–9.0), and weakly mineralized (TDS 0.3–1.0 g/L), with sodium-dominated facies ranging from Na–HCO3–SO4 to Na–SO4–Cl. Hydrochemical analysis indicates that water–rock interaction and cation exchange are the primary controls on fluid evolution, with limited influence from evaporation or external salinity sources. Elevated fluoride (up to ~10 mg/L) and dissolved silica (H2SiO3, often >50 mg/L) reflect prolonged high-temperature interaction with silicate-rich lithologies under low Ca2+ conditions. Trace elements and radon activity (up to 0.32 nCi/L) further support deep, fault-controlled circulation pathways. PHREEQC modeling indicates near-equilibrium to slight supersaturation with respect to silica phases, suggesting a potential risk of silica scaling during cooling, while carbonate scaling remains limited. Although the dataset is based on discharge conditions from a limited number of wells, the results demonstrate that the Zharkunak system has strong geothermal utilization potential, with management considerations related to fluoride, radon, and silica scaling. Future work should focus on integrating isotopic analyses and reactive transport modeling to better constrain subsurface processes and long-term system behavior.

Inglizcha annotatsiya nashriyot saytidagi maqola sahifasidan olingan. Mualliflar annotatsiyasi CC BY 4.0 litsenziyasi asosida keltirilgan. Annotatsiya ingliz tilida berilgan.

Kalit so‘zlar

• geotermal suv
• gidrokimyo
• yuqori bo‘r suvli qatlami
• ftor
• radon
• Ili botig‘i
• Qozog‘iston

Sodda qilib aytganda

Jarkunak zonasi Qozog‘iston janubi-sharqida, Sharqiy Ili botig‘ida joylashgan. Uning geotermal suvi paleozoy fundamenti ustidagi, taxminan 2,3–2,9 km chuqurlikda yotgan bosimli, artezian yuqori bo‘r qumtosh suvli qatlamidan chiqadi. Mualliflar beshta chuqur quduqning (5539, 1-RT, 3-T, 1-TP va 2-TP) arxivdagi loyiha hisobotlaridagi sertifikatlangan tahlillaridan foydalangan; namunalar 2016-yilda barqaror sarf sharoitida olingan.

Suv juda issiq — 89–103 °C, ishqoriy (pH 8,1–9,0) va kam minerallashgan — 0,3–1,0 g/l. Unda natriy ustun; suv turlari Na–HCO3–SO4 dan Na–SO4–Cl gacha. Mualliflar xulosasiga ko‘ra, suv tarkibini suv va jinslar o‘rtasidagi reaksiyalar hamda kation almashinuvi belgilaydi, bug‘lanish va tashqi tuz manbalarining ta’siri kam.

To‘plangan yozuvlarda ftor miqdori taxminan 10 mg/l gacha, erigan kremnezem 22,5–60,3 mg/l, 5539-quduqda esa 50 mg/l dan ortiq. Mualliflar ikkalasini ham issiq suvning kalsiy kam bo‘lgan, silikatlarga boy jinslar bilan uzoq ta’sirlashuvi bilan bog‘laydi. 5539-quduqda radon faolligi 0,32 nKi/l ga yetadi. Mualliflar fikricha, bu iz elementlar bilan birga suvning yoriqlar bo‘ylab chuqur aylanishidan dalolat beradi.

PHREEQC dasturidagi modellashtirish suv kremnezemga nisbatan muvozanatga yaqin yoki biroz o‘ta to‘yingan ekanini ko‘rsatadi: suv sovishida kremnezem cho‘kmasi hosil bo‘lishi mumkin, karbonat cho‘kmasi esa kam bo‘ladi. Mualliflar Jarkunak tizimi geotermal foydalanish uchun katta imkoniyatga ega, faqat ftor, radon va kremnezem cho‘kmalarini nazorat qilish kerak, degan xulosaga keladi. Keyingi bosqichda ular izotop tahlillari va reaktiv-transport modellashtirishni taklif qiladi.

Iqtibos namunasi

Balnur Kismelyeva, Aisulu Kalitova, Dulat Kalitov, Vyachaslav Zavaley, Yergali Auyelkhan, Rinat Akpanbayev, Raushan Koizhaiganova, Murat Kalitov and Zaure Atabekova (2026). Hydrogeochemical Signature of Cretaceous Geothermal Waters of the Zharkunak Zone, Eastern Ili Depression. Water, vol. 18, no. 7, 870. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18070870