Journal articleOpen access
Underground water as an industrial valuable raw material
Подземные воды как промышленное ценное сырье
- Termez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan
Highlights
- Well Kattakum-2, Khaudag (drilled 1979): 432 m³/day (5 L/s) at 76 °C at the wellhead in 1979; 414.72 m³/day (4.8 L/s) at 72 °C on 23 April 2016; iodine 21–23 mg/L.
- Uchkyzyl well: 1,050.5 m deep, flowing at 2.5 L/s; mineralisation 273–298 g/L; iodine 18–20 mg/L.
- Kokayty: hydrothermal water 142.9 g/L, pH 6.7, 39 °C, iodine 14.8 mg/L, bromine 265.93 mg/L; oil-field water 136.5 g/L, pH 6.2–7.2, 40 °C.
- Khaudag: hydrothermal water 219.7 g/L, pH 5.2–5.6, 72–76 °C, iodine 21.32 mg/L, bromine 414.99 mg/L; oil-field water 178.6 g/L, pH 7.0–7.4, 27 °C, iodine 15.4 mg/L, bromine 325.5 mg/L.
- Uchkyzyl: hydrothermal water 319.9 g/L, pH 4.7–5.1, 40 °C, iodine 20.7 mg/L, bromine 470.09 mg/L.
- Lyalmikor: oil-field water 59.96 g/L, pH 7.2, 25 °C, iodine 14.7 mg/L, bromine 360.24 mg/L.
- Thresholds for industrial water: bromine over 266 mg/L, iodine over 21.32 mg/L, lithium over 34.4 mg/L, strontium over 751 mg/L.
Abstract
Potential resources of underground industrial hydrothermal waters in Surxondaryo Rregion are studied in the article. Research of experimental results establishes mineralization, environment, temperature, iodine and bromine of their operational reserve.
English abstract from the paper. The authors’ abstract, reproduced under CC BY 4.0.
Keywords
- iodine
- iodine-containing water
- bromine
- lithium
- strontium
- calcium
- zinc
- mineralisation
- hydrothermal raw material
In plain English
This short paper treats the underground hydrothermal waters of Surkhandarya region as an industrial raw material for iodine and bromine. Water counts as industrial when its contents pass set thresholds, among them, in mg/L, 266 for bromine, 21.32 for iodine, 34.4 for lithium and 751 for strontium; whether it pays also depends on well yield, the depth of the water and the disposal of spent water. As oil and gas fields are worked out, more and more brine comes to the surface and has to be disposed of. The potential resources of industrial hydrothermal water in the region were assessed in the 1970s and 1980s.
The exploration well Kattakum-2 at Khaudag, drilled in 1979, first gave 432 m³ of water a day (5 L/s) at 76 °C at the wellhead. Measured on 23 April 2016, while the water was being injected into the oil-bearing layers, it gave 414.72 m³ a day (4.8 L/s) at 72 °C, with 21–23 mg/L of iodine. A well 1,050.5 m deep at Uchkyzyl flows out at the wellhead at 2.5 L/s; its water, of 273–298 g/L with 18–20 mg/L of iodine, comes from Turonian–Upper Cretaceous beds, judging by its mineralisation.
At Kokayty, hydrothermal water has 142.9 g/L, pH 6.7 and 39 °C, with 14.8 mg/L of iodine and 265.93 mg/L of bromine, and associated oil-field water has 136.5 g/L at 40 °C. At Khaudag, hydrothermal water has 219.7 g/L, pH 5.2–5.6 and 72–76 °C, with 21.32 mg/L of iodine and 414.99 mg/L of bromine; oil-field water there has 178.6 g/L at 27 °C. Hydrothermal water at Uchkyzyl has 319.9 g/L, pH 4.7–5.1 and 40 °C, with 20.7 mg/L of iodine and 470.09 mg/L of bromine, and oil-field water at Lyalmikor has 59.96 g/L at 25 °C, with 14.7 mg/L of iodine and 360.24 mg/L of bromine. Across the basin, iodine ranges from 14.7 to 21.32 mg/L, temperature from 25 to 76 °C and mineralisation from 60 to 319.9 g/L, depending on the field. An air-desorption unit for extracting iodine was built and tested at the settlement of Khaudag, and an industrial plant was built on it. The salt of the Kattakum-2 water is analysed in a later paper by the same authors.
How to cite
I. A. Umbarov and H. Kh. Turaev (2018). Underground water as an industrial valuable raw material. Universum: tekhnicheskie nauki (Universum: Technical Sciences), 2018, No. 1 (46). https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/5448