B. M. Toshmamatov, O. I. Rakhmatov and S. T. Valiyev of the Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute and Sh. Kh. Nurmanov of the Bukhara Engineering-Technological Institute propose a hybrid heating scheme based on a heat pump that uses geothermal water and takes the local climate into account. The paper was published on 10 September 2023 in the journal Muqobil energetika (Alternative Energy).

They measured geothermal water temperatures and flow rates in the Koson, Muborak, Nishon and Qamashi districts of Kashkadarya region, report laboratory chemical analyses of the water, and set out a method for calculating the heat capacity of an autonomous heat supply system.

They estimate the coefficient of use of geothermal water at 0.35 for heating alone, and 0.42 for heating, ventilation and hot water together.